Corns and calluses are common foot conditions caused by repeated pressure or friction, leading to thickened, hardened areas of skin that develop to protect the feet. Corns are typically smaller, more concentrated, and often painful, forming on the tops or sides of toes or between them, while calluses are broader, flatter, and usually painless, appearing on the soles of the feet or heels. Poorly fitting shoes, prolonged standing, abnormal foot structure, and repetitive movement are frequent causes of corns and calluses. Proper foot care, including wearing supportive footwear, moisturizing regularly, and seeking professional treatment when needed, can help relieve discomfort and prevent recurrence. If left untreated, corns and calluses may worsen, making early assessment and treatment important for maintaining healthy, pain-free feet.

 

Causes

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Corns and calluses develop due to repeated pressure, friction, or irritation on the skin. Common causes include wearing tight or ill-fitting shoes, high heels, or footwear with inadequate support. Abnormal foot structure such as bunions, hammertoes, flat feet, or high arches can increase pressure in certain areas. Prolonged standing, walking barefoot, and repetitive activities or manual labor may also contribute.

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Signs and Symptoms

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Symptoms include thickened, hardened skin with a rough or dry surface, often appearing yellowish or gray. Corns are usually smaller, well-defined, and painful when pressed, while calluses are larger, flatter, and typically painless. Additional symptoms may include tenderness, burning sensation, discomfort when walking, and sensitivity around the affected area.

Treatment Options

 

Treatment focuses on relieving pressure and reducing skin thickening. Wearing properly fitted, supportive footwear and using cushioned insoles or protective pads can help prevent irritation. Regular soaking of the feet followed by gentle exfoliation with a pumice stone may reduce buildup. Moisturizing creams containing urea or salicylic acid can soften thickened skin. Persistent, painful, or recurrent corns and calluses may require professional care such as debridement by a podiatrist. Individuals with diabetes or circulation problems should seek medical treatment rather than self-care.